common compenents on a pcba

PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) involves placing various types of electronic components onto a bare PCB board. These small and precise components, when arranged and soldered correctly, form the core functions of the circuit board. Below is an introduction to some of the common components used in PCBA:

Resistor

A resistor is an electrical component that opposes the flow of current. It alters the amount of electrical flow, with smaller resistances allowing more current and larger resistances allowing less. Materials with negligible resistance are called conductors, while those that do not allow current flow are insulators. Resistors are widely used in circuits, for example, in filters and power regulation.

#image_title

Function: Resistors control the flow of current. They come in various types, including fixed resistors, rotary resistors, and potentiometers.

Capacitor

Capacitance refers to the amount of electrical charge stored under a given voltage difference. The unit is farad (F).

Function: Capacitors are common electronic components used to store charge. On PCBA boards, they serve to filter, regulate voltage, and reduce noise. The most common types are ceramic and aluminum electrolytic capacitors.

#image_title

Inductor

An inductor is a component that stores magnetic energy in a circuit. When current passes through a coil, it generates a magnetic field, which in turn induces a current that opposes the flow. This relationship is called inductance, measured in henries (H).

#image_title

Function: Inductors store magnetic energy and are used for current limiting, voltage regulation, and transformers on PCBA boards. Types of inductors include core inductors, air-core inductors, and magnetic inductors.

Diode

A diode, also known as a crystal diode, allows current to flow in only one direction. It has a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic based on the applied voltage direction.

#image_title

Function: Diodes are made from semiconductor materials and are used for half-wave rectification, full-wave rectification, and current limiting. On PCBA boards, they are often used in power management and optoelectronic devices.

Transistor

A transistor, or bipolar junction transistor (BJT), is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals. It is made by placing two PN junctions close to each other, forming a structure that can be either NPN or PNP.

Field-Effect Transistor (FET): A FET is a voltage-controlled device with high input resistance and low noise. It is used in applications like amplification and switching circuits and has become a strong competitor to traditional transistors.

Function: Transistors are widely used in amplifying circuits, switching circuits, and signal processing. On PCBA boards, they are crucial for logic gate circuits.

Sensor

A sensor detects changes and converts them into measurable signals. Sensors can be classified by function, principle, or output type, such as pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and light sensors.

#image_title

Function: Sensors are electronic components used for detecting, measuring, and controlling various parameters. They are widely used in PCBA boards to convert environmental parameters into electrical signals.

Transformer

A transformer is a device that changes the voltage of an alternating current using electromagnetic induction. It consists of primary and secondary coils around a magnetic core.

Integrated Circuit (IC)

An IC combines multiple components like transistors, capacitors, and resistors. It enables different functionalities in a compact size. There are many types, including analog, digital, and hybrid ICs.

Connector

A connector is a component that connects electronic components to other devices or boards. There are various types, such as plug connectors and pin connectors, which are selected based on the specific requirements.

#image_title

Processor

A processor is a key component on a PCBA board that processes instructions and stores data. Types include embedded processors, microprocessors, and chipsets, and they are used in embedded systems and computers.

#image_title

Terminal

A terminal is a communication device that converts network data into readable signals. Types include network hubs, switches, and routers, all of which play a vital role in PCBA design and manufacturing.

Summary

PCBA involves arranging and soldering various electronic components onto a PCB to create functional circuit boards. Common components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, sensors, transformers, integrated circuits, connectors, processors, and terminals. Each component plays a crucial role in the circuit’s operation, such as controlling current, storing charge, regulating voltage, and processing signals.